Estimation of Soil Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium Using IoT Based Sensor

This study developed a sensor system to measure soil Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) levels. Using an Arduino-based setup, the sensors were installed at different soil locations to provide real time nutrient data. The collected data was analyzed to determine nutrient levels, and the results were visualized using ArcGIS and the IDW method. The analysis showed significant variability in soil nutrient levels. Nitrogen levels were low in many locations, indicating a need for nitrogen fertilization. Phosphorus levels were mostly high, suggesting that additional phosphorus fertilization is not needed in most areas. Potassium levels were low in some locations, indicating the need for potassium fertilization in several locations. These findings helped to understand of nutrient dynamics in agricultural soils and underscore the role of IoT technology in precision agriculture for improving nutrient management strategies.