Information as a Fundamental Physical Quantity: A Unified Scientific Framework Across Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Computation, and Cosmology.

This monograph presents a comprehensive scientific argument that information is a real, measurable, causally independent, and fundamental physical quantity. Drawing from physics, chemistry, biology, computation, quantum theory, thermodynamics, and cosmology, the work develops a unified framework in which information is no longer treated as a statistical abstraction, but as a primary component of the physical state of the world. The paper establishes: A general physical definition of information, independent of substrate, semantics, or interpretation. A universal measurement framework, grounded in the bit as an operational physical unit. A governing physical law, derived from Landauer’s principle and applicable across all natural sciences. A rigorous separation of information from entropy, demonstrating that entropy cannot generate, restore, or replace structured information. A cross-disciplinary demonstration of causal necessity, showing that systems with identical energy, entropy, and material composition behave differently when their informational structure differs. The work presents sixteen landmark experiments—from Landauer erasure and Szilard engines to quantum teleportation, protein folding, CRISPR knockout studies, chirality-based chemistry, error-correcting quantum codes, CMB anisotropy measurements, and more—all of which empirically confirm the predictions of informational fundamentality.