The Observer in the Theory of Consciousness

This article advances a theory that positions consciousness as the ontological foundation of reality, rejecting subject–object dualism. It argues that distinguishability presupposes consciousness and cannot be grounded in a mind-independent realm. Consciousness is modeled as a unified topological space capable of self-differentiation, where distinctions are actualized through intention and awareness and stabilized as regular closed sets representing knowledge. Within this harmonized structure, observation emerges as a co-dependent triad of observer, observation, and observed. The observer is defined as a stable localization of distinctions; time and space are reinterpreted as local knowledge structures specific to the observer. Structural changes within consciousness are communicated via the «light of consciousness», preserving non-duality. The framework unifies distinguishability, knowledge, multiplicity, and observability while maintaining the absolute unity of consciousness. It does not seek to replace empirical science but to clarify its deepest ontological presuppositions.