• Mental illness and substance abuse disorders among are often overlooked due to systemic stigma and structural barriers. • A holistic, human-centered design (HCD) approach prioritizes people at every stage of the process and it is more sustainable for long term goals. • The new paradigm shift combines empathy with iterative prototyping to understand user needs, context, and behavior considering the entire ecosystem.
Baima et al. (Sun,) studied this question.