Removal of Cd( ii ) from aqueous solution by ferrate-modified sludge biochar: optimization of preparation conditions, adsorption performance, and mechanism

Key Points

• The research aims to optimize preparation conditions and assess the adsorption performance of ferrate-modified sludge biochar for cadmium removal.
• Utilized ferrate-modified sludge biochar for cadmium adsorption studies.
• Optimized preparation conditions for effective pollutant removal.
• Analyzed the adsorption mechanism of biochar in aqueous solutions.
• Ferrate-modified biochar significantly increased cadmium removal efficiency in aqueous solutions.
• Demonstrated optimal conditions resulted in over 90% cadmium removal.
• Mechanistic insights revealed physical and chemical adsorption pathways.