Unveiling the Neurobiological Landscape of Emotional Regulation: A Systematic Literature Review of Multimodal Imaging Studies

This systematic literature review explores the neurobiological underpinnings of emotional regulation through the lens of multimodal imaging techniques, including fMRI, PET, EEG, and MEG. Key findings highlight the significant roles of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, hippocampus, and insula in the regulation of emotions, revealing intricate neural interactions and neurotransmitter involvement. Individual differences in emotional regulation are linked to variations in brain structure and function, emphasizing the importance of personalized therapeutic approaches. The review underscores the potential of multimodal imaging to enhance our understanding of the neural circuits and networks involved in emotional regulation, despite current methodological challenges. The implications for clinical practice are profound, offering pathways for early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and improved mental health outcomes. The review calls for continued interdisciplinary research to address remaining gaps and further integrate neurobiological insights into effective treatments for emotional dysregulation.