Association between organophosphorus flame retardant exposure and chronic kidney disease in U.S. adults: NHANES data from 2011 to 2016

Key Points

• The research aims to investigate the relationship between organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) and chronic kidney disease in adults.
• Analyzed NHANES data from 2011 to 2016
• Examined the relationship between OPFR metabolites and renal function
• Considered the complexities of low-dose exposure assessment
• Identified complex, non-monotonic associations between OPFR metabolites and kidney function
• Challenged the assumption of linear nephrotoxicity
• Highlighted the possibility of reverse causality in the observed associations

Abstract