A novel multi-ion and image co-monitoring system for online kinetics of Pb(II) adsorption on biochar in water process

Key Points

• Pb(II) adsorption on biochar can be effectively monitored in real-time with a novel system.
• The co-monitoring approach combines multi-ion detection and imaging techniques for accuracy.
• The methodology provides insights into the kinetics of pollutant removal in water treatment processes.
• This technique may enhance the efficiency of biochar applications in environmental remediation.