Reducing grain arsenic and extracting soil arsenic in paddies by an integrated ridge–furrow and ferrihydrite–PVA membrane system

Key Points

• Grain arsenic levels decreased significantly, lowering health risks for consumers.
• The system enabled effective soil arsenic extraction, improving crop safety and yields.
• Observational analysis involved integrated ridge-furrow and ferrihydrite-PVA membrane techniques across various paddy fields.
• This method may enhance agricultural practices, addressing soil contamination issues and ensuring safer food production.