Effect of tool pin modification on formation quality of Al/steel FSW joints under zero offset condition

Key Points

• Joint formation quality improved with specific tool pin modifications, indicating better adhesion and strength.
• Metric evaluation shows enhanced weld integrity with modified configurations during friction stir welding.
• Assessment of welding parameters was conducted under zero offset conditions to determine effects on joint performance.
• These findings highlight potential for improved welding methods, albeit further exploration in diverse conditions is needed.