Overseeing Subsidies. Smart cards, Intra-state Competition and the Arbitrary Control of Welfare in Egypt

Key Points

• Welfare subsidies are under arbitrary control in Egypt, impacting access and effectiveness.
• The integration of smart cards has created new dynamics in intra-state competition for welfare distribution.
• Observational analysis across diverse regulatory frameworks highlights the complexities of control mechanisms.
• This system raises questions about fairness and efficiency in welfare distribution within the country.