What question did this study set out to answer?

The goal is to achieve selective gem-difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones using Bi2O3 as a catalyst under visible-light exposure.

March 18, 2026

Visible-Light-Induced Bi 2 O 3 Catalysis toward 2-fold gem -Difluoroalkylation of Quinoxalinones

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Visible-light irradiation using the inexpensive semiconductor Bi2O3 as a photocatalyst enables the 2-fold gem-difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones with exclusive C3 and C5 position selectivity and high yields. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.NOVEL_FINDING. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Key Points

The goal is to achieve selective gem-difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones using Bi2O3 as a catalyst under visible-light exposure.
Utilized Bi2O3 as a photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation.
Performed 2-fold gem-difluoroalkylation on quinoxalinones.
Evaluated selectivity at C3 and C5 positions.
Achieved high yields with exclusive selectivity at C3 and C5 positions.
Demonstrated broad substrate generality.
Showed potential for product diversification through scale-up.

Abstract

A 2-fold gem-difluoroalkylation of quinoxalinones with exclusive C3 and C5 position selectivity is reported using inexpensive semiconductor Bi2O3 as a photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation. The protocol is distinguished by its unconventional selectivity and exhibits broad substrate generality with high yields. Synthetic utilities were demonstrated through reaction scale-up and downstream product diversification, enabling access to broader scaffold diversity.

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Authors

Karunamayee Mondal

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Karthikeyan Jayabalan

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology

Mahima Pilania

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Journals

Organic Letters

Actions

Institutions

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology

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Visible-Light-Induced Bi 2 O 3 Catalysis toward 2-fold gem -Difluoroalkylation of Quinoxalinones

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Abstract

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