Reallocating 24-hour movement behaviors and cardiometabolic health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

21 studies (18 cross-sectional, 3 cohort) pooling 62,056 adults and older adults (aged 18+). Most populations were from European and North American countries. No restrictions were placed on health status, including specific populations such as individuals with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and women post-breast cancer surgery.

30-minute isotemporal substitution of sedentary behavior or sleep with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or light physical activity (LPA).

Baseline time allocation (isotemporal substitution models comparing different 24-hour movement behavior allocations).

Cardiometabolic health indicators including anthropometry (BMI, waist circumference), blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), blood glucose indicators (fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c), and blood lipids (HDL, LDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol).surrogate