Review on Supra-Carbon Dots: From Functional Modification to Biological Applications

Key Points

• This review aims to discuss the assembly of carbon dots (CDs) into supra-carbon dots and their potential applications.
• Examined the assembly mechanisms of carbon dots including surface energy, electrostatic interactions, and hydrogen bonding.
• Discussed external modulation techniques to influence the formation of supra-carbon dots.
• Reviewed existing biological applications of supra-carbon dots.
• Identified key interactions leading to the formation of supra-carbon dots.
• Highlighted diverse potential applications in biology and materials science.
• Suggested that controlling the assembly can enhance functional properties.