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This work assesses the history of solar neutrinos and their implications for particle and astrophysics.

April 10, 2026Open Access

Solar neutrinos: the end of the beginning

Key Points

This work assesses the history of solar neutrinos and their implications for particle and astrophysics.
Review of historical experiments related to solar neutrinos.
Discussion of recent research and technological advancements in neutrino detection.
Analysis of the implications of solar neutrino studies for dark matter research.
The detection of solar neutrinos addressed the solar neutrino deficit problem.
Neutrino oscillation was confirmed, marking a significant advance in particle physics.
Current experiments aim to refine measurements of solar metallicity and explore new physics beyond the standard model.

Abstract

太阳中微子研究堪称天体物理与粒子物理交叉研究的典范。半个多世纪前，太阳中微子的首次探测原本旨在检验标准太阳模型，却由此引出了著名的“太阳中微子失踪之谜”。围绕这一问题开展的一系列实验研究，逐步拉开了太阳中微子物理发展的序幕，最终迎来了二十世纪末基础物理学领域最重大的发现之一——中微子振荡。2015年诺贝尔物理学奖的颁发标志着这一历史性序幕的落幕。当前，以JUNO，Hyper-Kamiokande和DUNE 为代表的下一代大型中微子探测器即将开展对太阳中微子更深入的研究；与此同时，暗物质探测实验近年来也成功触及太阳中微子信号。因此，太阳中微子研究正进入一个新的阶段。在此背景下，本文回顾太阳中微子失踪之谜的历史探索与关键发现，介绍当前太阳中微子的理论和实验研究现状，并展望该领域未来若干重要科学目标，包括太阳金属丰度问题、太阳中微子新成分的测定、物质效应的测量及其应用、以及标准模型之外的新物理探索等。

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Xunjie Xu

Shaomin Chen

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Zhongguo kexue. Wulixue Lixue Tianwenxue

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Solar neutrinos: the end of the beginning

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