What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the effectiveness of D2-40 and smooth muscle markers in differentiating muscularis propria invasion from desmoplastic reactions in bladder cancer.

April 15, 2026

The ancillary role of D2-40 in demonstration of muscularis propria invasion vs desmoplastic reaction in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Key Points

To evaluate the effectiveness of D2-40 and smooth muscle markers in differentiating muscularis propria invasion from desmoplastic reactions in bladder cancer.
Immunohistochemical panel using D2-40 and smooth muscle markers (desmin or H-caldesmon)
Assessment of bladder carcinoma samples with equivocal morphology
D2-40 and smooth muscle markers effectively distinguished muscularis propria invasion from desmoplastic reaction
Improved diagnostic accuracy when morphology was unclear

Abstract

We suggest using an immunohistochemical panel composed of D2-40 and a smooth muscle marker, preferably desmin or H-caldesmon, to help distinguish muscularis propria from desmoplastic reaction when morphology alone is equivocal.

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Discussion

Authors

Attila Molnár

Diego Montoya‐Cerrillo

Elizabeth A Montgomery

Journals

American Journal of Clinical Pathology

Actions

Institutions

University of Miami

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

Miami Transplant Institute

References and Citations

Connected Papers

Building similarity graph...

Analyzing shared references across papers

The ancillary role of D2-40 in demonstration of muscularis propria invasion vs desmoplastic reaction in invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder

Key Points

Abstract

Citation Network

Connected Papers

Discussion

Authors

Journals

Actions

Institutions

References and Citations

Citation Network

Connected Papers

Discussion

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