This study investigated vinyl ester composites reinforced with cellulose from Nelumbo nucifera and Bambus hampifiber, fabricated using a standard stacking sequence (90°/45°/90°/45°). The effect of 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane surface treatment and fiber stacking on load-bearing, fatigue, and creep performance was examined. Among the composites, MP5 (40 vol.% fiber, 2 vol.% cellulose) exhibited the best overall mechanical performance, achieving tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of 165.3 MPa, 144.5 MPa, and 4.7 J, respectively, and sustaining up to 29,324 cycles at 25% UTS under fatigue. In contrast, MC6 (4% cellulose) showed the highest creep resistance, with minimal creep strain (0.0033 at 5000 s; 0.0219 at 10,000 s; 0.0459 at 15,000 s) and maximum hardness (99 Shore-D). Scanning electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis revealed that interfacial adhesion, crack propagation dynamics, and fracture morphology were the critical factors governing the mechanical performance of the composites.
K et al. (Thu,) studied this question.