Coupling biomass carbon engineering with phosphorus chemistry for high-performance flexible zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors

Key Points

• Investigate how phosphorus doping affects zinc-ion storage and supercapacitor performance using activated carbon.
• Utilized fennel-seed derived activated carbon as a cathode material.
• Analyzed performance in both liquid and gel electrolytes.
• Assessed Zn-O interactions and framework polarization effects on energy storage efficiency.
• Phosphorus-doped activated carbon significantly increased zinc-ion storage capacity.
• Supercapacitors achieved better performance in gel electrolytes compared to liquid ones.
• Framework polarization exhibited strong Zn-O interaction enhancement, leading to improved efficiency.