Philosophical and psychological heritage of Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (to the 140th anniversary of the scholar)

The article is dedicated to the 140th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist, thinker, jurist, public figure, the brightest representative of the Russian religious and philosophical tradition of the 20th century Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. Before his eyes, historical events were unfolding that shocked and changed the minds of people. They inspired the scientist to comprehend the archetypal in man: the problems of good and evil, masculinity and femininity, conscience, service, sacrifice, heroism, love for the Motherland, wisdom, holiness. He created a holistic philosophical and psychological concept of personality, permeated not only with a deep interest in a person, but also with internal unity and harmony. The values embedded in it are opposed to the pragmatic-individualistic ones that are universally dominant today. For this reason, attention to the personality and creativity of the thinker increases every year. Multiple public discussions, frequent citations, appeal to his ideas, especially those related to forecasts and theoretical developments regarding the future of Russia, its national tasks, testify to their importance, prospects, and, in the context of the heat of geopolitical conflicts, their super-urgency. The article discusses the philosophical and psychological ideas of Ilyin regarding the problems of a person's spiritual and moral experience, the psychology of communication, the psychology of conflict, legal consciousness, national identity, the psychology of moral and patriotic feelings, the psychology of education and pedagogical psychology, the causes of the spiritual and moral crisis of mankind and the psychological aspects of the exit out of him. The originality and uniqueness of his approach lies in the emphasis on the national, historical identity of Russia.