New Insight Concerning Primordial Lithium Production

To constrain the universe before recombination (380000 years after the Big Bang), we mostly rely on the measurements of the primordial abundances that indicate the first insight into the thermal history of the universe. The first production of the light elements is obtained by the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). The production of the elements deuterium, helium-3, and helium-4 during BBN matches well the observations; however, the production of lithium (Lithium-7) based on the Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (SBBN) is found to be higher by about a factor of three than the observed abundance from metal-poor halo stars. This so-called "Cosmological Lithium Problem" is still elusive and needs to be resolved. One important attempt to resolve this problem is to invoke a non-standard description of the SBBN to decrease the lithium abundance. In our previous work, we encountered a problem that the decrease in the Lithium-7 abundance requires an increase in the deuterium abundance to maximum values that are not accepted by observations. In the present work, a decrease in the lithium abundance could be achieved without maximizing the deuterium abundance by modifying the time-temperature relation in the range (0.43-0.91) GK during the nucleosynthesis process. This range is crucial to reducing the strong correlation between lithium and deuterium production. The main conclusion of the present work is that Lithium-7 abundance in the atmospheres of metal-poor stars cannot be analyzed without considering possible modifications to the primordial nucleosynthesis.