Quantifying potential cyber-attack risks in CNC systems under zero-subjectivity closed-loop Dempster–Shafer theory FMECA and rule-based Bayesian network modelling

Key Points

• Cyber-attack risks are quantified in CNC systems through innovative modeling techniques, enhancing security measures.
• The analysis reveals significant vulnerabilities through Dempster–Shafer theory and Bayesian network modeling in risk assessment.
• Assessment employs closed-loop control principles alongside failure modes and effects criticality analysis (fMECA) for thorough evaluation.
• Findings emphasize the need for improved security protocols and risk management strategies within CNC systems.