Contrasting effects of ciprofloxacin on the coupled nitrification with nitrogen removal process in lake sediments across different trophic conditions

Key Points

• Ciprofloxacin influences the coupled nitrification and nitrogen removal processes in lake sediments.
• Under different trophic conditions, the effects of ciprofloxacin vary significantly, impacting overall nitrogen dynamics.
• Observational analysis across various lake sediment samples assesses how ciprofloxacin alters nitrogen removal efficiency.
• This study may enable future environmental strategies to manage pharmaceutical impacts on aquatic systems.