A Review on Eco-friendly Bricks Using Effluent Treatment Sludge (ETS) and Spinning Waste Fibers as a Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Clay Bricks

The utilization of dyeing sludge in conjunction with soft waste in the manufacturing of brick is a contemporary way of disposing of trash that is both economically and practically viable. Bricks made of conventional and regular clay are used extensively in the construction industry. These bricks cause significant environmental damage, including air pollution caused by toxic fumes, deforestation for the purpose of providing fuel for kilns, soil degradation caused by the removal of topsoil, which can cause damage to agricultural land and can also lead to an increase in flooding, and an increase in carbon emissions. At the same time, the textile sector is responsible for the generation of a significant amount of trash, which includes effluent treatment sludge (ETS) sludge and spinning fiber remnants, both of which are classified as soft waste. This results in significant complications for the environment. We explore the development of eco-friendly bricks by utilizing a novel combination of ETS and spinning waste fibers as substitutes for clay. The goal of this review is to develop bricks that are both cost-effective and environmentally friendly. These bricks serve as an alternative solution for the management of solid waste, the conservation of natural resources, and the earning of carbon credits. A dual-waste, non-fired, clay-free solution that offers an expandable and sustainable approach that is associated with the concepts of a circular economy is offered as an alternative to conventional bricks and other green alternatives that are already in existence.