Using comparative life-cycle assessment (CLCA) as an early decision design tool: analysis of environmental impacts of retrofit or reconstruction

Key Points

• Environmental impacts differ significantly between retrofit and reconstruction projects, affecting sustainability.
• A specific model showed a 30% reduction in carbon emissions for retrofit options compared to reconstruction.
• Assessment using comparative life-cycle assessment (CLCA) determined environmental impacts and decision pathways.
• Findings highlight the importance of design decisions, as environmental sustainability may vary greatly based on chosen methods.