Multilevel assessment of sub-lethal toxicity of 2, 4-D dimethylammonium in nile tilapia and hybrid catfish

Key Points

• Sub-lethal toxicity affects growth and behavior in fish like nile tilapia and hybrid catfish, suggesting ecological risks.
• Key evidence includes significant changes observed in fish at varying concentration levels, demonstrating dose-response effects.
• Assessment using multilevel approaches revealed crucial insights into the ecological implications of chemical exposure in aquatic environments.
• Findings highlight the need for stricter regulations on the use of 2,4-D dimethylammonium to protect aquatic life, emphasizing environmental stewardship.