Linking Vegetation Health and Water Risk of Wetlands in Vaishali District Through NDVI, SAVI, MNDWI, and WRI (2014–2024)

Abstract: The study of wetlands is a major concern these days. There is a significant shift in the wetland ecosystem, both geographically and hydrologically, as well as ecologically and biologically. Wetlands are well defined by their presence of water in a particular region. As it plays a vital role in maintaining the balance between ecology and hydrology and is the primary supporter of biodiversity, it is highly beneficial for sustaining livelihoods that depend on it. To evaluate the spatial-temporal changes in the wetland ecology and hydrology of Vaishali district for the period 2014-2024. Both pre- and post-monsoon conditions were studied using remote sensing techniques with Landsat 8 and 9 data from the USGS Earth Explorer platform. For the depth analysis of the study area, four indices were used: NDVI, SAVI, MNDWI, and WRI. These indices help assess vegetation and extract water features. The study highlights the holistic view of the eco-hydrology of the Vaishali. Where major contractions in vegetation and water have been observed over the decades. Due to annual precipitation, water expands during the post-monsoon season. The study emphasizes the importance of wetlands and their conservation. As the livelihood of the surrounding people depends on it. Day by day, climate change, population growth, and changing land-use patterns directly or indirectly impact the overall health of the wetland. Proper conservation and management help fulfil the Sustainable Development Goals, including those for life below water and life on land. Keywords: Wetland, Remote Sensing, NDVI, SAVI, MNDWI, WRI. Title: Linking Vegetation Health and Water Risk of Wetlands in Vaishali District Through NDVI, SAVI, MNDWI, and WRI (2014–2024) Author: Sushmita Tyagi, Dr. Sunil Kumar Singh. A International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026 Page No: 17-26 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 04-April-2026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19417214 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/linking-vegetation-health-and-water-risk-of-wetlands-in-vaishali-district-through-ndvi-savi-mndwi-and-wri-20142024