Oral Mucosa Remodeling Induced by Injecting New Cellular Treatment Factor (NCTF) and Human-derived Exosomes (ASCE & CellExosome)

Background: Exosomes mediate tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis, fibroblast activity, and extracellular matrix remodeling. New Cellular Treatment Factor (NCTF), cellular treatment factor solutions containing amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, coenzymes, minerals, and hyaluronic acid, are used in regenerative medicine, but their combined effects with human-derived exosomes on the oral mucosa remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical changes in normal hamster oral mucosa following treatment with an NCTF solution enriched with 2 distinct human exosome formulations at different time points. Methods: Sixty-three male hamsters were randomized into 3 groups: saline-injected control, NCTF with cell-derived exosomes (CellExosome), and NCTF solution with adipose stem cell–derived exosomes (ASCEs). Injections were administered into the buccal mucosa, and tissues were harvested at baseline, day 3, and day 7. Hematoxylin–eosin, Masson trichrome, and Van Gieson staining were used to assess mucosal structure and collagen remodeling, whereas angiogenesis was quantified using CD34 immunohistochemistry. Results: Both exosome-treated groups demonstrated progressive increases in fibroblast proliferation, collagen organization, and microvessel density from day 3 to day 7 compared with controls. The NCTF + CellExosome group consistently exhibited the most pronounced effects, with significantly greater angiogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling across all time points ( P < 0.05). Conclusions: In a hamster model, exosome-enriched biorevitalization solutions enhanced angiogenesis and collagen remodeling in normal oral mucosa in a time-dependent manner. The NCTF + CellExosome formulation demonstrated superior regenerative potential, supporting its potential translational relevance for future regenerative and aesthetic research.