Transient epigenetic changes promote cardiomyocyte differentiation of the subcutaneous adipose stromal vascular fraction

Introduction: The subcutaneous adipose-tissue-derived stromal vascular fraction (Sa-SVF) contains stem/progenitor cells that rarely transdifferentiate into beating cardiomyocytes. Previously, we developed a culture protocol in which adult murine inguinal Sa-SVF cells reproducibly transdifferentiate into beating cardiomyocyte-like cells (beating CMs) without any specific induction in the primary culture. However, the mechanism underlying the differentiation of the Sa-SVF toward the cardiac lineage is unclear. Methods: To identify a key regulator of cardiac differentiation, we investigated sequential changes in global gene expression profiles of Sa-SVF cells during primary culture. Sa-SVF cells were isolated from adult murine inguinal subcutaneous fat pads and cultured using our beating CM induction method. At six time points during primary culture, total RNA was extracted and subjected to RNA-sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. Results: . control). Conclusions: These findings suggest that transient epigenetic modulation, particularly involving class II HDACs, is associated with and may facilitate cardiomyocyte-like differentiation of Sa-SVF cells. This study provides a mechanistic framework for combining epigenetic modulation with transcriptional programming to enhance SVF-based cardiac regenerative strategies.