Comparison of bulk flow measurements in the large vessels between four-dimensional flow (4D-flow) and two-dimensional phase contrast (2D-PC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Key Points

• Bulk flow measurements in large vessels are clinically consistent between 4D-flow and 2D-PC MRI.
• 4D-flow demonstrates systematic undermeasurement compared to 2D-PC in large cohorts.
• The study analyzed data from various large vessels using both MRI techniques to assess flow measurements.
• These findings may indicate the need for further validation of 4D-flow accuracy against 2D-PC MRI.

Abstract