Impact of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on Some Immunological and Haematological Biomarkers in Women Experienced Spontaneous Abortion

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affects immune response and haematological parameters. The study aimed to evaluate and compare haematological changes and distinct pro and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles between anti-Toxoplasma seropositive and seronegative in post-abortive women. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to examine serum samples from 224 post-abortive women for anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) antibodies. Besides serum cytokines such as Tumour Necrosis Factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 10, 12 (IL-10, IL-12), and Transforming Growth Factor ß1 (TGFß1) were evaluated. Also, the blood groups and haematological parameters were examined. The overall anti-Toxoplasma seropositivity was 25% (56/224), including 19.6% for IgG and 5.4% for IgM, with highly (p < 0.001) significant variations. Blood group type significantly affected IgG and IgM seropositivity rates (p = 0.003 and p = 0.004) individually. IgG seropositivity displayed significant differences in Granulocyte (GRA) p = 0.003, Haemoglobin (Hb) p = 0.009, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) p = 0.004, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) p = 0.008, whilst IgM seropositivity displayed significant differences of Hb p = 0.019 plus RBC p < 0.001. Besides, IL-12 was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in comparison to controls. Toxoplasmosis was significantly associated with haematological changes and elevated IL-12 levels, highlighting the importance of regular immuno-haematological biomarker monitoring and toxoplasmosis screening to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes.