Flux–Area Gravity Revisited: From Spherical Spreading to Channeling — A Unified Explanation of Galaxy Cluster Velocity Dispersion

This work presents an extended formulation of the flux–area interpretation of gravity, incorporating the concept of time depth to describe the propagation of gravitational influence. In this framework, gravity is not fundamentally a static force obeying a universal inverse-square law, but a flux transmission process through spacetime, whose apparent behavior depends on the geometry of propagation. The conventional inverse-square law, g ∝ 1/r², is reinterpreted as a special limiting case corresponding to shallow propagation depth, where multiple transmission paths are indistinguishable and appear isotropic.