原著論文　Assessing Multicultural Awareness and Attitudes in Japan -development of JMAAS-

Japanʼs demographic shifts―including a declining birthrate, rapid aging, and a growing foreign population―have intensified debates on social cohesion and multicultural coexistence (tabunka kyōsei). Despite ongoing policy efforts, there remains limited empirical understanding of public awareness and attitudes toward diversity. This study introduces and validates the Japanese Multicultural Awareness and Attitudes Scale (JMAAS), developed to measure these perceptions within Japanʼs sociopolitical context. An anonymous online survey of 139 Japanese nationals was conducted, and exploratory factor analysis revealed two dimensions: (1) openness toward multicultural coexistence and (2) protection of cultural traditions and social norms. The eight-item JMAAS demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbachʼs α = .836). Independent samples t-tests showed significantly higher scores among participants with foreign language proficiency and overseas living experience, supporting contact theory. The findings indicate that Japanese attitudes toward multiculturalism are multidimensional ―balancing inclusivity with cultural preservation. Building on this pilot, a larger collaborative project with Saga Prefecture in 2026 will extend the JMAAS to regional populations, linking public attitudes with local multicultural policy outcomes.