P-1003. Evolutionary Differences within the Epidemic Clostridioides difficile Strain Identified as PCR-Ribotype 027

Abstract Background In the early 2000s, the epidemic strain identified as PCR Ribotype 027 (RT027) and multilocus sequence type (MLST) 1 was the dominant strain group accounting for 70% of CDI in some institutions. Notably, the strain group was fluroquinolone resistant (FQR) which likely contributed to the spread of the group strain. However, there is a paucity of data comparing historic clinical isolates prior to the spread of the epidemic strain.Table 1.Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for 10 antibiotics for 91 isolates identified at PCR-RT 027MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration; RT: RibotypeFigure 1.Bayesian time scale phylogenetic analysis with minimum inhibitory concentration changes Methods We determined the antimicrobial minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for azithromycin (AZM), ceftriaxone (CRO), clindamycin (CLI), moxifloxacin (MXF), and vancomycin (VAN) in 91 clinical isolates previously identified as RT027 collected from 1984 – 2023 from unique patients. Whole genome sequencing was conducted on all 91 isolates to assess for mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance and complete a Bayesian time scale phylogenetic analysis.Figure 1.Bayesian time scale phylogenetic analysis with key antimicrobial gene mutations Results There was a significant uptrend in the MIC for AZM, CRO, MXF, and VAN over the 40-year period. Notably, the MIC for AZM increased from 3.18 µg/mL to 933.60 µg/mL, the MIC for CRO increased from 17.96 µg/mL to 55.71 µg/mL, and the MXF MIC increased from 0.50 µg/mL peaking from 2001-2009 at 45.25 µg/mL (p 0.01, for all comparisons). Table 1 The gyrA/B mutations associated with FQ resistance were not present in the historical cohort. From 2001 – 2020, the gyrA/B mutation were commonly found with a valine-to-leucine mutation at position 497 (Figure 1/2). Notably, the FQS isolates had only a modest association with FQR isolates from 2001 - 2020, but they do appear to be associated with FQR isolates from 2021 – 2023. These more contemporary FQR isolates more commonly had an rpoB mutation which could confer resistance to fidaxomicin Conclusion Despite the prevalence of RT027 decreasing over the past 25 years, it still harbors significant mutations which confer antimicrobial resistance. While accrual of mutations can lead to a significant fitness cost to bacteria, continued surveillance is required to ensure that new outbreaks associated with RT027 do not occur. Disclosures Andrew M. Skinner, MD, Recursion Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant