Assessment of Sexual Function in Women with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Using the PISQ-12: A Comparative Study

Abstract Background: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a prevalent pelvic floor disorder that significantly affects women’s physical, psychological, and sexual health. Despite its high incidence, the impact of POP on sexual function remains underexplored, particularly among Indian women. This study aimed to evaluate sexual dysfunction in women with POP using the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12) and to identify key contributing factors. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 sexually active women with clinically diagnosed POP (POP-Q ≥ Stage I) and 100 age-matched controls. Sexual function was assessed using the PISQ-12, and scores were analyzed in relation to prolapse severity, age, parity, and body mass index (BMI). Data were analyzed using SPSS v25, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Women with POP had significantly higher PISQ-12 scores than controls (35.0 ± 2.25 vs. 25.9 ± 2.53; p < 0.001), indicating greater sexual dysfunction. Mean scores increased with prolapse severity (Stage I = 32.1; Stage III = 37.3; p < 0.001). Dysfunction was more pronounced in older, multiparous, and obese women. Item-wise analysis revealed that physical symptoms—pain during intercourse, urinary leakage, and fear of bulge—were the most affected domains, while partner-related factors were least impacted. Conclusion: POP significantly impairs sexual function, with severity correlating with anatomical grade, age, and BMI. Sexual dysfunction arises through both physical and emotional pathways, underscoring the need for integrated management that includes pelvic floor rehabilitation, weight control, and psychosexual counselling to improve quality of life.