What question did this study set out to answer?

The central aim is to derive the neutron-proton mass difference through novel topological approaches in cosmology.

January 22, 2026Open Access

Companion G: Neutron-Proton Mass Difference from 5D Y-Junction Topology

Key Points

The central aim is to derive the neutron-proton mass difference through novel topological approaches in cosmology.
Derivation of the neutron-proton mass difference from 5D Y-junction topology.
Establishment of Z6 = Z3 × Z2 symmetry via ring oscillation topology.
Calculation of asymmetry parameter q using half-Steiner configuration.
Inclusion of prefactor from brane embedding geometry.
Comparison of derived results with experimental values for validation.
Neutron-proton mass difference calculated as ∆m = 1.293 MeV.
Result matches experimental data with an accuracy of 0.6%.
Connections to SU(3) color structure are established.

Abstract

This companion paper presents the derivation of the neutron-proton mass difference ∆m = mn− mp = 1.293 MeV BL from 5D Y-junction topology in Elastic Diffusive Cosmology (EDC). What this paper does: Establishes (1) Z6 = Z3 × Z2 symmetry from ring oscillation topology Dc, (2) the asymmetry parameter q = 1/3 from the half-Steiner configuration at δθ = 60◦ Der, (3) the prefactor 1/6 from brane embedding geometry Dc, and (4) connections to SU(3) color structure I. The result matches experiment to 0.6% accuracy. What this paper does NOT do: Derive the energy scale σr2e from first principles OPEN, or prove the claim constitutes a genuine prediction rather than a calibrated consistency check. Calibration boundary: Two scale inputs enter this calculation: • V3 =−0.65 MeV Cal — tuned to match ∆m • σr2e = 70 MeV BL — external nuclear-scale input (not fitted here)

Companion G: Neutron-Proton Mass Difference from 5D Y-Junction Topology

Key Points

Abstract

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