Identification of the Auxin Response Factor gene family in kernel consumption apricot and association analysis of related genes regulating fruit size in distant hybridization

Our results suggest that PaARF4, PaARF11B, and PaARF17 are key regulators of fruit growth and development in kernel consumption apricot × almond hybrids, with PaARF11B is a particularly promising candidate gene for the regulation of fruit size. Further, the identified candidate transcription factors and downstream target genes provide a foundational regulatory network for understanding auxin-mediated fruit development. This work provides valuable genetic resources and candidate genes for future research on fruit size, facilitating the genetic improvement of fruit trees through distant hybridization.