ABSTRACT This study reports an eco‐friendly synthesis of multiphase iron oxide nanoparticles using Dolichandrone falcata ( Bignoniaceae ) leaf extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesis resulted in the formation of two iron oxide phases: α‐Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) with rod‐like morphology and γ‐Fe 2 O 3 (maghemite) with spherical nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were comprehensively characterized using x‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which confirmed their crystalline nature and multiphase composition with distinct morphological features. The average particle size was approximately 21 nm, and the lattice strain was evaluated using the Williamson–Hall (W–H) method. The biosynthesized nanoparticles exhibited significant antibacterial activity against selected bacterial strains, demonstrating their potential as environmentally benign antibacterial agents. This green synthesis route provides a sustainable and efficient strategy for producing mixed‐phase iron oxide nanoparticles with promising applications in biomedical and environmental fields.
Yadao et al. (Thu,) studied this question.