Microbiological spectrum, clinical outcomes, and risk factors for bloodstream infections during immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a nested case-control study

Key Points

• To investigate the microbiological spectrum and clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and identify associated risk factors.
• Conducted a nested case-control study among immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients.
• Analyzed microbiological data and patient outcomes related to bloodstream infections.
• Identified corticosteroid exposure, proton pump inhibitor use, and lymphopenia as risk factors.
• Bloodstream infections were caused by a broad range of opportunistic pathogens.
• High mortality rates were associated with these infections in the cohort.
• Certain risk factors (corticosteroids, PPI use, lymphopenia) predicted higher infection susceptibility.