Post-transplant UC in KTRs is associated with a more than twofold increased incidence compared with the general population and a disproportionate burden of upper tract and graft-involving tumors. Management must carefully balance oncologic control against preservation of transplant function in a setting where standard intra-vesical and systemic therapies are constrained by immunosuppression. These findings support risk-adapted lifelong urologic surveillance and highlight the need for dedicated treatment strategies tailored to immunosuppressed patients.
Schmidt et al. (Wed,) studied this question.