SCFAs’ pleiotropic role in pathogenesis and salutogenesis: mechanisms in exacerbation and regulation of inflammation and fibrosis from gut to host

Key Points

• Explore how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) affect inflammation and fibrosis across different organs.
• Analyzed the roles of SCFAs in modulating immune responses and inflammation pathways.
• Examined the dose and cell-specific effects of SCFAs on fibrosis.
• Reviewed contextual factors influencing SCFA interactions in health and disease.
• SCFAs have both beneficial and harmful effects on immune responses leading to inflammation.
• The impact of SCFAs varies depending on dosage and specific cell types involved.
• Contextual factors significantly modify the role of SCFAs in exacerbating or regulating fibrosis.