Pharmaceutical Development of Lodhradi Hydrogel From Classical Lodhradi Lepa and Its Comparative in-Vitro Antibacterial Evaluation Against Acne-Associated Bacteria

Background: Lodhradi Lepa is a classical Ayurvedic external formulation indicated for the management of Mukhadushika (acne vulgaris). Although its clinical efficacy is well established, the conventional paste form is associated with limitations related to stability, portability, and patient compliance. To overcome these drawbacks, the present study focused on the development of a hydrogel dosage form while retaining the therapeutic potential of the classical formulation. Objectives: To prepare Lodhradi Lepa and a novel Lodhradi Hydrogel, undertake pharmaceutical and analytical study, and comparatively evaluate their in-vitro antibacterial activity against acne-associated microorganisms. Materials and Methods: This pharmaceutical, analytical, and experimental in-vitro study involved the preparation of Lodhradi Lepa as per classical Ayurvedic references and formulation of Lodhradi Hydrogel by incorporating the hydroalcoholic extract into a Carbopol-based gel. Both formulations were assessed for organoleptic and physicochemical parameters. In-vitro antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method against Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Zones of inhibition were measured, and statistical analysis was performed using Student’s t-test. Results: Both formulations demonstrated acceptable pharmaceutical and analytical characteristics. Lodhradi Hydrogel showed better spreadability, skin-friendly pH, and enhanced stability. Significant antibacterial activity was observed with both formulations. The hydrogel exhibited comparable activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (p > 0.05) and significantly higher activity against Propionibacterium acnes at higher concentrations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Conversion of Lodhradi Lepa into a hydrogel is pharmaceutically feasible and therapeutically effective, offering a stable, patient-friendly, and cosmetically acceptable alternative without compromising antimicrobial efficacy.