Sustainability Development: An Empirical Investigation on ESG Sustainable Determinants for 24-hr Around Year Operation Model of Contemporary Taiwan’s Convenience Stores

This research empirically investigates the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) sustainable determinants affecting the 24-hr around-the-year operation model of Contemporary Taiwan's convenience stores. Given the operational tensions between continuous service provision and sustainability imperatives, this research addresses the critical question of how customers, convenience stores, and the public perceive the existential viability of 24-hr operations through cross-analyzing three core dimensions: customers' need for 24-hr convenience store goods and services (CN24CSGS), convenience stores’ 24-hr goods and services supply (CS24GSS), and public expectations of 24-hr convenience store goods and services (PE24CSGS). The triadic reciprocal determinism of Social Learning Theory (SLT) was applied to integrate a comprehensive analytical framework. A mixed-methods approach employing factor analysis (FA), triple-dimension entropy analysis (TEA), and analytical network process (ANP) was utilized to identify and validate core determinants across quantitative and qualitative dimensions. Results reveal that staff health care and management service level (SHC-MSL) emerges as the most critical determinant (SCEW = 0.1659), followed by public welfare programs (PWP = 0.0694) and employee occupational training level (EOTL = 0.0596), all within the governance accountability framework. Findings indicate that carbon emission reduction (CER = 0.0503) represents the primary environmental challenge, while community public education development (CPED = 0.0308) constitutes the key social responsibility factor. Eventually, 24-hr convenience store operations remain sustainable when supported by robust ESG governance mechanisms, particularly emphasizing employee welfare and environmental stewardship. These findings provide actionable insights for managers and policymakers of convenience store in Taiwan seeking to balance operational efficiency with sustainable development goals.