This independent research paper presents a comprehensive socio-legal analysis of the Sachar Committee Report and examines the historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions of Muslims in India. It analyses the interaction between religion and politics within India’s constitutional framework and evaluates the implementation and limitations of post-Sachar policy measures. Drawing on census data, government reports, judicial decisions, and scholarly literature, the study situates Muslim marginalisation within the broader framework of substantive equality, secular governance, and socio-economic justice. The paper further undertakes a comparative analysis with other Indian minorities and international contexts to highlight structural gaps in India’s equality framework. It concludes by proposing future legal and policy pathways aimed at achieving inclusive development and constitutional accountability.
Hasan et al. (Sun,) studied this question.