Purpose This study aims to quantify heatwave impacts on operational performance of Iberian photovoltaic (PV) plants in the context of climate change and examines whether typical meteorological year (TMY) expectations mask event-driven losses. It isolates performance ratio (PR) degradation, timing and recovery, providing evidence to align PV deployment planning and operation and maintenance (O the largest gap was 553.25 kWh (36.88 kWh/kWp; 17.3% of simulated energy) at Zebro-2P; the highest relative gap was 22.34% at Ariza-2S. Research limitations/implications The data is limited to three plants and four events, with in situ meteorology at one site. Originality/value This work introduces an auditable, event-centric PR stress test using in situ-validated ERA5 denominators, contrasting TMY counterfactuals, with drop/time-to-trough/recovery metrics and an ENS design-gap to translate heatwave impacts into operationally actionable insights for resilient PV design and O&M.
Pereira et al. (Fri,) studied this question.