Impact of vaccination on outcome in heart failure patients remotely monitored

Abstract Introduction Patients with chronic cardiovascular conditions are particularly vulnerable to severe infections, making vaccination a critical component of their care. This study evaluates vaccination coverage and its association with clinical outcomes among heart failure (HF) patients monitored with Satelia Cardio, focusing on influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcal vaccines. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 20,310 patients remotely monitored for their HF as of December 8, 2024. Vaccination coverage was assessed for influenza, COVID-19, and pneumococcus, with comparisons made between vaccinated (Vac) and non-vaccinated groups (NVac). Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the frequency of alerts triggered by patients in two categories: moderate ("orange") and severe ("red"). Statistical comparisons were performed to identify patterns and correlations. Results Of the total cohort, 858 HF patients (4.2%) received at least one vaccine. Vaccination rates were 2.2% for influenza, 3.0% for COVID-19, and 0.9% for pneumococcus. Vac patients in comparison to NVac patients are predominantly female (44.8% vs 36.3%; p0.0001), aged over 80 years (60.3% vs 42.5%; p0.0001) with more hypertensive (59.6% vs 45.4%; p0.0001). When regarding the occurrence of alerts, the Vac and NVac patients exhibited more "orange" alerts (49.7% vs 43.4%; p0,0003) but similar "red" alerts (10.1% vs 9.1%; p=0.3). Vac patients have a similar rate of death than those NVac (14.5% vs 14.2%; p=0.8). These results suggested a benefit of vaccination in HF patients on the occurrence of red alerts and mortality rate. Conclusion These results suggested a low rate of vaccination among HF patients. Despite older age and more comorbidities the Vac group experienced similar rates of severe alerts and mortality was similar in both groups. These results suggest that vaccination may help mitigate the progression to critical events. These findings highlight the need for improved vaccination strategies within remote monitoring programs and further research to explore the long-term benefits of integrating preventive measures into remote care platforms.