In Vitro and in Vivo Assessment of Potential Antimalarial Activity of Extracts and Solvent Fractions From Triclisia Gilettii (De Wild) Staner Root Bark (Menispermaceaea)

The present study was initiated to evaluate the antimalarial or antiplasmodial activity of aqueous, methanol 80% and total alkaloids extracts as well as solvent fraction from the partition of aqueous extract against Plasmodium falciparum NF54 sensible to chloroquine and Plasmodium falciparum KI resistant to chloroquinine and pyrimethamine in vitro test and towards Plasmodium yoeli 67 and Plasmodium berghei berghei Anka in vivo test. Results revealed that in vitro test, aqueous, methanol 80% and total alkaloids extracts as well as all solvent fractions inhibited the growth of both selected Plasmodium strain with inhibitory concentrations 50 (IC50) < 10 µg/mL as pronounced activity and produced selective indices of 2.55±0.05, 2.57±0.03 and 2.16±0.04 against P. falciparum NF54 respectively and 2.14±0.03, 1.71±0.06 and 1.63±0.03 towards P. falciparum K1. Solvent fractions AE1-.1 to 1.4 exhibited antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum NF54 with selective indices between 1.30±0.05 and 1.36±0.05 by inhibiting its growth with IC50 values ranging between 5.86±0.09 to 8.44±0.11 µg/mL while they exerted the same effect against P. falciparum K1 with IC50 bewteen 6.04±0.08 and 10.32±0.13 µg/ml while solvent fraction ME-1.1 to 1.4 exerted the same effect against both Plasmodium parasites with IC50 value from 2.01±0.04 to 8.34±0.06 µg/ml against P falciparum NF54 with SI of 0.83±0.05 to 1.07±0.07. In vivo test, results indicatd that aqueous and methanol 80% extract administered at dose oral of 400 mg/kg bw produced percentage chemosuppressions of 77.48±0.02 and 85.14±0.07 against P. yolei and 75.13±0.05 and 82.25±0.07 against P. b. berghei while total alkaloids extract exerted the same activity by producing percentage chemosuppresion of 90.96±0.06 and 90.44±0.03 towards P. yolei and P. b. berghei respectively while solvent fractions produced chemosuppreesion percentages between. Artesunate and Quinine 2HCl used as reference antimalarial products engendered percentage chemosuppression of 90.96±0.08 and 89.36±0.05 against P. yolei 67 respectively and 90.44±0.04 and 89.15±0.07 towards P. b. berghei respectively. Aqueous, methanol and total alkaloids extracts, showed weak activity compared to Quinine and Artesunte against both plasmodium strains P. yoelei and P. b. berghei.