Abstract Background River blindness, caused by Onchocerca volvulus and transmitted by Simulium damnosum s.l., requires robust and ethical vector surveillance for its elimination. The Human Landing Catch (HLC) remains the gold standard for collecting blackflies but presents ethical and operational challenges. This review evaluates alternative blackfly collection methods in relation to their effectiveness, consistency, operational feasibility, and alignment with a Target Product Profile (TPP) framework for field programmatic use. Methods Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science, WHO IRIS, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched up to June 2024 using terms related to blackfly traps, vector collection, and onchocerciasis. Peer-reviewed and selected grey literature in English and French were included. Data were thematically synthesised and grouped by trap type, assessing performance against defined TPP criteria. Results Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. The Esperanza Window Trap (EWT) and Host Decoy Trap (HDT) achieved high catches in some settings, occasionally matching or surpassing HLC performance, though results varied by ecology. Modified HLC methods reduced exposure while maintaining yields but still required human participation. Conclusion No single alternative method consistently matched HLC across settings; however, optimized EWT and HDT designs show promise for ethical, effective onchocerciasis surveillance.
Surakat et al. (Wed,) studied this question.