We present a comprehensive audit of three prominent exomoon candidates—Kepler-1625 b-i,Kepler-1708 b-i, and the WASP-49 b system—using the Standard Outlier Residual Detector (SORD)methodology described in the preprint by Alves (2026). By applying a Negative Intersection Logicfilter with linear time complexity O(N) to transit photometry and high-resolution spectroscopydata, we isolate systematic residuals from genuine physical anomalies. The SORD analysis refutesthe giant exomoon hypothesis for Kepler-1625 b and Kepler-1708 b, attributing the observed signalsto stellar limb darkening artifacts and correlated noise, aligning with recent Bayesian re-analyses.Conversely, SORD validates the high-velocity sodium transient detected around WASP-49 b as arobust non-stellar signal (∼ 10σ), identifying it as a kinematic outlier consistent with a volcanicExo-Io cloud. We demonstrate that the SORD logic offers a deterministic pathway to distinguishbetween instrumental artifacts and physical outliers in exoplanetary science.
Da et al. (Thu,) studied this question.