Upgrading the two-stage partial nitritation/anammox process: high-rate partial nitritation with hydroxyapatite-enhanced anammox granular sludge

Key Points

• The research aims to enhance nitrogen removal processes by upgrading the two-stage partial nitritation/anammox technique.
• Utilized hydroxyapatite to enhance anammox granular sludge
• Conducted high-rate partial nitritation under controlled conditions
• Compared efficiency against traditional methods
• Achieved higher nitrogen removal rates compared to conventional methods
• Demonstrated improved stability of granular sludge
• Indicated increased efficiency in nutrient transformation