What question did this study set out to answer?

To validate the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale (EGSS) as a tool for assessing non-specific emotional responses linked to PTSD symptoms.

February 8, 2026Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy0 citations

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Validation of the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale among veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder.

APAlexander A. Puhalla RGRichard Gilman KCKathleen M. Chard

Key Points

To validate the Embarrassment, Guilt, and Shame Scale (EGSS) as a tool for assessing non-specific emotional responses linked to PTSD symptoms.
Used a single veteran sample to validate the EGSS
Examined its psychometric properties
Identified emotional barriers to PTSD recovery
EGSS showed promise as a reliable measure of embarrassment, guilt, and shame
Identified specific emotional barriers affecting treatment planning
Need for further research with diverse populations to confirm findings

Abstract

The EGSS shows promise as a psychometrically sound measure that assesses three distinct NSEs linked to PTSD symptoms. It also offers promise for improving treatment planning by identifying emotional barriers to recovery. However, findings are based on a single veteran sample. Replications with more diverse populations are necessary to strengthen the generalizability and reliability of the EGSS across psychiatric conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

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Cite This Study

Puhalla et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698828b90fc35cd7a884872f https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0002132

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